{"id":8761,"date":"2026-08-11T06:44:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T06:44:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/?post_type=docs&p=2723"},"modified":"2026-08-21T12:34:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T12:34:42","password":"","slug":"lozenges","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/dokumanlar\/intraoral-preparations-mouthwash\/lozenges\/","title":{"rendered":"Lozenges"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Lozenges are defined as solid dosage forms intended to disintegrate or dissolve slowly in the mouth. Their compositions contain one or more active substances along with sugar and flavoring agents. Lozenges are mostly used to exert a local effect in the mouth. They can also be used to achieve a systemic effect in cases where the active substance is well absorbed through the buccal mucosa. While lozenge-type dosage forms typically contain active substances with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antimicrobial, antitussive, mucolytic, and decongestant properties, recently developed lozenges containing active substances with antiemetic, immune-boosting, and sedative properties are also available.<\/p>\n

Advantages of lozenge-type dosage forms:<\/p>\n

They are dosage forms that are easy to administer to children and the elderly.<\/p>\n

It is easy to modify the formulations to be prepared and customize them for the patient.<\/p>\n

Because the disintegration time is long, prolonged contact between the active substance and the buccal mucosa can be ensured.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, since it is possible to prepare them in various shapes, they can be given to children like candy.<\/p>\n

Lozenges can be prepared by melting (molding) or compression methods. Lozenges prepared by the compression method are called compressed lozenges (lozenge tablets). They disintegrate over a longer period and are harder than conventional tablets. Lozenges prepared by the melting method may be named differently depending on the substances present in their formulations.<\/p>\n

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While hard lozenges contain a high proportion of sugar in their formulations, bases such as PEG are generally found in soft lozenge formulations, and bases like gelatin are found in chewable lozenge formulations.<\/p>\n

Chewable lozenges;<\/p>\n

Chewable lozenges are very suitable dosage forms, especially for children. Solidified glycerin base may generally be present in their formulations, as is the case in gelatin suppositories. This base can be prepared by mixing glycerin, gelatin, and water in different proportions. These lozenges mostly contain fruit flavoring.<\/p>\n

Rp.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dexpanthenol                                      0.5 g<\/strong><\/p>\n

Glycerin                                                   35 ml<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gelatin                                                         9 g<\/strong><\/p>\n

Distilled water                                                   6 ml<\/strong><\/p>\n

Peppermint oil                                           3-4 gutt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eosin yellow                                                  q.s.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prepare 20 lozenges<\/p>\n

Substances in the formula:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dexpanthenol – Dextro-pantothenyl alcohol – D-Panthenol – Pantothenyl alcohol;<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dexpanthenol is a clear, odorless or slightly characteristically smelling, hygroscopic, and viscous liquid. It is freely soluble in water, alcohol, methyl alcohol, and propylene glycol; soluble in chloroform and ether; slightly soluble in glycerol. It may crystallize upon standing. Dexpanthenol is administered orally, parenterally, and topically. After absorption, it is converted into pantothenic acid in the liver and enters endogenous vitamin stores. When applied topically in pharmaceutical forms such as ointments, lotions, and similar preparations, it is rapidly absorbed through the skin. Dexpanthenol is a gastrointestinal stimulant used parenterally. Pantothenic acid, which is a component of Coenzyme A, takes part in various metabolic processes. It facilitates the acetylation that converts choline to acetylcholine. Pantothenic acid plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of the normal function of epithelial tissue. Dexpanthenol is the alcohol form of pantothenic acid, a factor of the B-complex vitamins. Dexpanthenol is absorbed faster and more extensively than pantothenic acid; this is particularly important for topical application. Dexpanthenol is also used prophylactically to prevent postoperative ileus.<\/p>\n

Glycerol – Glycerine – Glycerol 85% – Glyzerin 85%;<\/strong><\/p>\n

Glycerin is an excipient widely used for various purposes in pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetic products. It is used in oral, otic, ophthalmic, topical, and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations. While used for its moisturizing and emollient effect in topical pharmaceutical formulations, it is mostly useful as a solvent in parenteral formulations. In oral formulations, it is used as an antimicrobial preservative, sweetening agent, and viscosity-increasing agent. It acts as a plasticizer for gelatin in soft gelatin capsules. It is also included in the composition of gelatin suppositories. Glycerin is a clear, colorless or very pale, hygroscopic, syrupy, odorless or nearly odorless, viscous liquid with a sweet taste. It is miscible with water and alcohol; slightly soluble in acetone;  practically insoluble in chloroform, ether, fixed oils, and essential oils. Its aqueous solutions are neutral to litmus. According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), the pH of Glycerin Oral Solution, USP is between 5.5 and 7.5. Strong oxidizing agents form explosive mixtures with glycerin. In the presence of light, it turns black when in contact with zinc oxide or basic bismuth nitrate. When glycerin contaminated with iron is used, the color of mixtures containing phenol, salicylate, and tannin darkens. It complexes with boric acid to form glyceroboric acid. The acidity of this compound is higher than that of boric acid.<\/p>\n

Medicinal gelatin – Gelatin – Gelatine medicinale – Pharmagel A – Gelatinum – Gelatina alba;<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gelatin is a purified protein obtained by partial acid hydrolysis (type A) or partial alkaline hydrolysis (type B) of animal collagen. It is also available as a mixture containing types A and B. It occurs as sheets, flakes, granules, or powder ranging in color from amber to light yellow, with a slight odor, and is translucent. When immersed in cold water, it gradually swells and softens by absorbing 5-10 times its volume of water. When heated, this aqueous solution forms a colloidal solution. When this solution cools, a more or less solid gel forms. Gelatin is soluble in a hot water-glycerol mixture and in a 6N acetic acid solution; it is practically insoluble in alcohol, chloroform, fixed and volatile oils, and ether. It is available as light yellow or amber sheets, flakes, pieces, or as a fine powder. Its color varies depending on the particle size. Parenteral gelatin solutions should be stored at temperatures below 25\u00b0C. Each opened bottle should be used within 4 hours. Turbid solutions should not be used.<\/p>\n

Peppermint aroma – Peppermint essence – Oleum menthae piperitae – Menthae piperitae aetheroleum – Pfefferminz\u00f6l;<\/strong><\/p>\n

Peppermint oil is a volatile liquid obtained by steam distillation from the fresh aerial parts of the Mentha piperita (Labiatae) plant. It is colorless, pale yellow, or greenish-yellow in color. Peppermint oil is a colorless, light yellow, or greenish-yellow oil with a characteristic peppermint odor and a cooling, pungent aromatic taste. It contains menthol, menthone, and menthyl acetate. Peppermint essence is used as a flavoring agent in pharmaceutical preparations. It can cause irritation and rarely induce hypersensitivity reactions. Enteric-coated capsules containing peppermint essence should not be taken immediately after meals or with antacids. It has a characteristic peppermint smell and an aromatic taste that leaves a cooling sensation in the mouth. It is soluble 1:3 in alcohol (70%) with a slight opalescence. Its composition includes menthol, menthone, and menthyl acetate. It should be stored in airtight containers at temperatures not exceeding 40\u00b0C and protected from light.<\/p>\n

Eosin disodium – Eosine yellowish – Tetrabromfluorescin natrium;<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eosin is a water- and alcohol-soluble antiseptic. Eosine solution (2%) exerts a superficial antiseptic effect on the skin. Since it is not absorbed through the skin, it does not enter systemic circulation. Sterile single-dose vials are available to reduce the risk of contamination. Due to its antiseptic properties, it aids treatment in bacterial skin infections. It is used for diaper rash in infants.<\/p>\n

Preparation;<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sprinkle the gelatin over the distilled water placed in a porcelain dish  and cover it with a watch glass, letting it swell in water until a homogeneous appearance is obtained (approximately 30 minutes). Add the glycerin, which has been brought to the same temperature in a water bath, to the mixture. Triturate the eosin yellow in a glass mortar and add the dexpanthenol. Add this to the glycerin-gelatin mixture in the water bath. Ensure a homogeneous mixture. Remove the mixture from the water bath and add the peppermint essence after it cools down. Pour the resulting mass into molds using a syringe. Once the lozenges solidify, place them into plastic containers containing a small amount of lactose and label properly.<\/p>\n

Packaging: Ointment jar<\/p>\n

Label: White<\/p>\n

Usage: Used as an adjuvant in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.<\/p>\n

Wishing you a good week\u2026<\/p>\n

References;<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Pharmaceutical Technology IV Lecture Notes (Prof. Dr. \u00d6zgen \u00d6ZER, Faculty of Pharmacy \/ Department of Pharmaceutical Technology)<\/li>\n
  2. RxMediaPharma\u00ae<\/sup> 2016 Interactive Drug Information Source.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Pharm. Spec. Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan
    \nPekcan Pharmacy – Konya
    \npekcanecz@gmail.com<\/p>\n

    Tel: (332) 3520657<\/p>\n

    http:\/\/www.majistralformul.com\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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