{"id":9167,"date":"2026-08-11T05:30:42","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T05:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/?post_type=docs&p=2540"},"modified":"2026-08-21T11:50:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T11:50:18","password":"","slug":"hydrophilic-ointment","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/dokumanlar\/cream-ointment-lotion-shampoo-bases\/hydrophilic-ointment\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrophilic Ointment"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dear colleagues, this week we will examine together a vehicle formula that literally means water-loving, with a high capacity to absorb and retain water\u2014in short, hydrophilic in nature.<\/p>\n

Formula:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rp.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cera lanette                              25 g<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vaselina filante                         25  g<\/strong><\/p>\n

Propilenglicol                           12  g<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lauril sulfato s\u00f3dico                 1   g<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nipag\u00edn s\u00f3dico o Nipasol        0.04  g<\/strong><\/p>\n

Agua destilada                           37  g<\/strong><\/p>\n

Substances included in the formula:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cera lanette – Sodium stearyl sulfate – Lanette(R) E – Sodium cetearyl sulfate [ASK; Ph.Eur.; INCI]:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sodium cetostearyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant in the alkyl sulfate class. It is used as a detergent and wetting agent in oil-in-water emulsions.<\/p>\n

According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USNF 30) and the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur. 7), it is a mixture of sodium cetyl sulfate (C16H33NaO4S=344.5) and sodium stearyl sulfate (C18H37NaO4S=372.5). It is a white or pale yellow, amorphous or crystalline powder. It dissolves in hot water to give an opalescent solution; it is practically insoluble in cold water; partially soluble in alcohol. Calculated on a dried basis, it must contain not less than 40% sodium cetyl sulfate; the total content of sodium cetyl sulfate and sodium stearyl sulfate calculated on a dried basis must not be less than 90%.<\/p>\n

Vaselina filante:<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is a homogeneous, greasy white or yellow cream with the appearance of a soft and creamy emulsion that moisturizes the skin. It is odorless. It melts between 35 and 45 0<\/sup>C. Insoluble in water and glycerin. While slightly soluble in alcohol, it is freely soluble in ether, chloroform, essences, fixed oils, and acids. Its absorption by the skin is poor. Therefore, to increase the absorption of the active ingredient it contains, its absorption is enhanced by adding a small amount of lanolin. It protects the skin by preventing dryness and irritation that may occur on the skin. It is used as an alternative vehicle for ointments with an unpleasant odor.<\/p>\n

Propilenglicol – Methyl glycol – Propylene glycol [BP; DCF; FP; INCI; NF; P.Cx.79; USP]:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Propylene glycol is an excipient used for various purposes in pharmaceutical preparations. It is especially used as a solvent and vehicle for drugs that are unstable or insoluble in aqueous media. It is a better solvent than glycerin. It is an excellent solvent for corticosteroids, phenols, sulfa drugs, barbiturates, vitamins A and D, alkaloids, and local anesthetics. In addition to being used as a stabilizer in vitamin preparations, it is also useful as a plasticizer and preservative. It is used as a carrier for emulsifiers in cosmetic products and the food industry. It is preferred over ethanol for carrying flavoring agents. Due to its moisturizing properties, it is used instead of glycerin in topical moisturizing preparations. Propylene glycol may cause local irritation on the skin and mucous membranes. It has been reported to cause hypersensitivity reactions. Especially in patients with renal failure, it can cause hyperosmolality, lactic acidosis, and central nervous system depression. The estimated acceptable daily maximum intake of propylene glycol has been reported as 25 mg per kg of body weight.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Propylene glycol is a clear, colorless, odorless or faintly smelling, hygroscopic liquid with a slightly characteristic taste. It is miscible with water, acetone, alcohol, and chloroform; soluble in ether; immiscible with fixed oils, but dissolves some essential oils. It should be stored in a cool place and in airtight containers. It must be protected from light and moisture. At elevated temperatures, it tends to oxidize to give degradation products such as propionaldehyde, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and acetic acid. It is incompatible with oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate. It is recommended not to use it as a solvent in ear drops containing chloramphenicol.<\/p>\n

Lauril sulfato s\u00f3dico – Sodium lauryl sulfate – Natriumdodecylsulfat [ASK; IUPAC; Ph.Eur.] – Sodium lauryl sulphate [BP; P.Cx.79]:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sodium lauryl sulfate is used as an anionic surfactant in pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetic products. It is an effective detergent and wetting agent in acidic and alkaline media. It is also used in medicated shampoos, toothpastes, and skin cleansing preparations. It is not used in parenteral preparations. It can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, and stomach. Prolonged exposure to dilute sodium lauryl sulfate solutions may cause drying and cracking of the skin; contact dermatitis may develop. Inhalation over a prolonged period can cause damage to the lungs. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a mixture of alkyl sulfates. According to the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), it is a mixture containing not less than 85% sodium alkyl sulfates and not more than 8% sodium chloride and sodium sulfate combined. It occurs as a white or pale yellow powder or crystals with a faint characteristic odor. It dissolves 1:10 in water to yield an opalescent solution; partially soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in chloroform and ether. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a stable substance under normal conditions. However, in solutions of pH 2.5 or below, it undergoes hydrolysis to form lauryl alcohol and sodium bisulfate. It reacts with cationic surfactants, resulting in decreased activity. Its aqueous solutions with a pH between 9.5-10 may corrode steel, copper, brass, bronze, and aluminum. It is incompatible with polyvalent metal salts such as aluminum, lead, tin, or zinc, certain alkaloid salts, and acids with a pH below 2.5. It precipitates with lead and potassium salts.<\/p>\n

Nipag\u00edn s\u00f3dico – Sodium ethyl hydroxybenzoate – Ethylparaben sodium:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sodium ethylparaben is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic products, foods, and pharmaceutical formulations. It is used alone or combined with other parabens or other antimicrobial agents. In the presence of nonionic surfactants, its antimicrobial effect is significantly weakened. The estimated acceptable daily maximum intake for methyl, ethyl, and propylparaben has been reported as 10 mg per kg of body weight. Sodium ethylparaben is a white, hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It dissolves 1:2 in water and 1:3 in ethanol (50%). The pH of its 0.1% aqueous solution is between 9.9 and 10.3.<\/p>\n

Nipasol M sodium – Sodium propyl paraben – Sodium propyl hydroxybenzoate:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sodium propylparaben is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic products, foods, and pharmaceutical formulations. It is used alone or combined with other parabens or other antimicrobial agents. In the presence of nonionic surfactants, its antimicrobial effect is significantly weakened. The estimated acceptable daily maximum intake for methyl, ethyl, and propylparaben has been reported as 10 mg per kg of body weight. Sodium propylparaben is a white, odorless or faintly smelling, hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It dissolves 1:1 in water and 1:50 in ethanol. It is practically insoluble in fixed oils. The pH of its 0.1% aqueous solution is between 9.5 and 10.5.<\/p>\n

Nipag\u00edn s\u00f3dico o Nipasol:<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is a mixture of 0.025 g Nipagin and 0.015 g Nipasol.<\/p>\n

Agua destilada – Purified water – Distilled water – Wasser, gereinigtes [Ph.Eur.] – Water, purified [BP; NF; USP]:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Distilled water is high-purity water prepared by the distillation of drinking water and used as a solvent or vehicle in many pharmaceutical formulations. It is a clear and colorless liquid with no characteristic odor or taste. In pharmacy, when water is referred to, distilled water should be understood. The shelf life of distilled water is limited. In any case, it must be boiled before use. Because additional specific properties are required for water to be used in parenteral preparations, water for injection must be used for this purpose. In addition, deionized water may also be used instead of distilled water in pharmaceutical preparations where its use is permitted, as it is cheaper and easier to obtain.<\/p>\n

Preparation of the formula:<\/strong><\/p>\n

In a beaker, the wax and vaseline constituting the oil phase are melted at approximately 75 0<\/sup>C. In another beaker, the mixture of propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, 0.025 g nipagin, 0.015 g nipasol, and distilled water constituting the aqueous phase is completely dissolved in a water bath at the same temperature. The aqueous phase is added onto the oil phase and vigorously stirred with a glass rod until it reaches room temperature to prepare the emulsion.<\/p>\n

Other substances miscible with this base and recommended proportions:<\/p>\n

15% Azelaic acid<\/p>\n

5% Aminobenzoic acid<\/p>\n

4% Salicylic acid<\/p>\n

0.3% Anthralin<\/p>\n

5% 5-Fluorouracil<\/p>\n

0.02% Flumethasone pivalate<\/p>\n

1% Triamcinolone acetonide<\/p>\n

Wishing you a good week\u2026<\/p>\n

Source:<\/p>\n

1-La Formulaci\u00f3n Magistral en la Oficina de Farmacia, 2.a<\/sup> parte<\/p>\n

2-RxMediaPharma\u00ae2018 Interactive Drug Information Resource<\/p>\n

Spec. Pharm. Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan
\nPekcan Pharmacy – Konya
\npekcanecz@gmail.com
\nTel: (332) 3520657
\nhttp:\/\/www.majistralformul.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dear colleagues, this week we will examine together a vehicle formula that literally means water-loving, with a high capacity to absorb and retain water\u2014in short, hydrophilic in nature. Formula: Rp. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"doc_category":[151],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9167","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","doc_category-cream-ointment-lotion-shampoo-bases"],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-09","word_count":1443,"total_views":"2","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"m921a","author_nicename":"m921a","author_url":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/author\/m921a\/"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Cream - Ointment - Lotion - Shampoo Bases","term_url":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/dokuman-kategori\/cream-ointment-lotion-shampoo-bases\/"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"knowledge_base_info":[],"knowledge_base_slug":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9167"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9169,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9167\/revisions\/9169"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=9167"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=9167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}