{"id":9170,"date":"2026-08-11T05:31:46","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T05:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/?post_type=docs&p=2544"},"modified":"2026-08-21T11:50:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T11:50:18","password":"","slug":"for-urea-formulations","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/dokumanlar\/cream-ointment-lotion-shampoo-bases\/for-urea-formulations\/","title":{"rendered":"For Urea Formulations…"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Preparation of Base for Urea Formulations<\/strong>Dear colleagues, as is well known, urea is used in the treatment of ichthyosis and hyperkeratotic skin diseases (accompanied by atopic eczema, xeroderma, asteatosis, and other chronic dry skin conditions) due to its moisturizing and emollient effects. In this article, I will share with you a base formula that has the property of moisturizing and softening the area of the skin where it is applied and can be easily washed off with water.\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Formula:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rp.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tween 80                   2.5%<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cetyl alcohol                   15%<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lanolin                        15%<\/strong><\/p>\n

Distilled water c.s.p     100 g<\/strong><\/p>\n

Preparation of the formula:<\/strong>Tween 80, cetyl alcohol, and lanolin at 700<\/sup>C in a water bath are melted in a dish by stirring. Distilled water containing 0.2 g of the preservative sodium nipagin at the same temperature is poured over the oil phase removed from the water bath and mixed. It is stirred vigorously with a glass rod until it solidifies at room temperature. This excipient serves as a base for urea formulations at concentrations of 10 to 40%.Formula:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rp. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Urea                               40%<\/strong><\/p>\n

Emollient base c.s.p   100 g<\/strong>Urea dissolves in the aqueous phase, and eventually a whitish emulsion is formed.Substances included in the formula:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ur\u00e9e [Ph. Fran\u00e7. X]- Ureum [Ph. Eur. 3]- Harnstoff [DAB 1999]- Carbamidum [OeAB]- Carbamide:<\/strong>Urea occurs as colorless, transparent, slightly hygroscopic, odorless or almost odorless prismatic crystals, or as a white crystalline powder or pellets. It may develop a slight odor of ammonia upon prolonged storage. It is freely soluble in water; soluble in alcohol; and practically insoluble in chloroform, ether, and methylene chloride. Its aqueous solutions react neutrally to litmus.<\/p>\n

It is also indicated in the treatment of dry skin conditions. When applied topically, urea stimulates the water-binding properties of the stratum corneum, thereby increasing its water-retention capacity. This provides hydration in cases where skin dryness is an issue. In hyperkeratotic skin, it exerts a mild keratolytic effect.Tween 80- Polysorbate 80- Polysorbatum 80- Polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate:<\/strong>Polysorbates are nonionic surfactants used as emulsifying agents in the preparation of stable oil-in-water pharmaceutical emulsions. They are used as solubilizers for a variety of substances, including essential oils and fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, and E). They are also used as wetting agents in oral and parenteral suspension formulations. The estimated acceptable daily intake of polysorbates 20, 40, 60, 65, and 80, expressed as total polysorbate esters, is reported to be 25 mg per kg of body weight. Polysorbate 80 is a mixture of partial oleate esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides. Each mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides is copolymerized with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide. It is a clear, yellowish or brownish-yellow, oily liquid with a faint, characteristic odor. It is miscible with water, alcohol, ethyl acetate, and methyl alcohol. It is practically insoluble in liquid paraffin and fixed oils. Polysorbates are stable in the presence of electrolytes, weak acids, and bases. Strong acids and bases may cause saponification.Cetyl alcohol- Alcohol cetylicus [IP3]- Cetyl alcohol [BP; INCI; NF]- Palmityl alcohol- Hexadecyl alcohol:<\/strong>Cetyl alcohol is used in topical pharmaceutical preparations as an emollient, water-absorbing agent, stiffening agent, and emulsifier. It is used to raise the melting point in suppositories and to create a permeable barrier layer in sustained-release solid dosage forms. On the other hand, it constitutes an important component of the synthetic preparation named Exosurf Neonatal\u00ae, which exhibits surfactant activity in the lungs for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. Here, the primary active substance is the surfactant called colfosceril palmitate. However, when used alone, this substance is ineffective due to poor spreading and absorption. To overcome this, cetyl alcohol and tyloxapol are added to its composition. It has been reported that cetyl alcohol can cause hypersensitivity reactions. However, this condition arises from the impurities it contains rather than cetyl alcohol itself. Cetyl alcohol is actually a mixture of solid aliphatic alcohols, predominantly cetyl alcohol. The United States National Formulary (USNF) states that it must consist of not less than 90% cetyl alcohol, with the remainder consisting of similar alcohols. It occurs as a white, greasy mass, powder, flakes, small particles, or granules. It has a characteristic faint odor. It is practically insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol (95%) and ether. When melted, it is miscible with vegetable and animal fats, liquid paraffin, and melted lanolin.Lanolin – Wool fat – Adeps lanae – Wool fat – Anhydrous lanolin:<\/strong>Lanolin is an ointment base. It is widely used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetic products. It is used in the preparation of water-in-oil type creams and ointments. When mixed with suitable vegetable oils or petrolatum, emollient creams that penetrate the skin are obtained. Due to this property, it facilitates the absorption of medications. Lanolin mixes with approximately twice its weight of water without phase separation, yielding stable emulsions. Lanolin is a purified waxy substance obtained from the wool of sheep (Ovis aries, Bovidae). It mainly consists of fatty acid esters of cholesterol, lanosterol, and fatty alcohols. Its most important characteristic is its ability to absorb water at a rate of 30%. It is a pale yellow, fatty substance with a characteristic odor. When melted, it turns into a clear or nearly clear yellow liquid. According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), its melting point is between 38-44\u00b0C. The USP permits the addition of up to 200 ppm of a suitable antioxidant. 10 g of lanolin must retain at least 20 ml of water. It is practically insoluble in water; slightly soluble in cold alcohol, freely soluble in boiling alcohol. It is readily soluble in benzene, chloroform, ether, and petroleum ether. During storage, it may undergo slow autoxidation. To prevent this, the addition of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is permitted. Prolonged heating causes its color to darken and may generate an unpleasant odor.<\/p>\n

Wishing you a good week\u2026<\/p>\n

Source:<\/p>\n

1-La Formulaci\u00f3n Magistral en la Oficina de Farmacia, 2.nd<\/sup>part2-RxMediaPharma\u00ae 2018 Interactive Drug Information Source<\/strong>Spec. Pharm. Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan
\nPekcan Pharmacy – Konya
\npekcanecz@gmail.com
\nTel: (332) 3520657http:\/\/www.majistralformul.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Preparation of Base for Urea FormulationsDear colleagues, as is well known, urea is used in the treatment of ichthyosis and hyperkeratotic skin diseases (accompanied by atopic eczema, xeroderma, asteatosis, and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2545,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"doc_category":[151],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9170","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","doc_category-cream-ointment-lotion-shampoo-bases"],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-09","word_count":1089,"total_views":"2","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"m921a","author_nicename":"m921a","author_url":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/author\/m921a\/"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Cream - Ointment - Lotion - Shampoo Bases","term_url":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/dokuman-kategori\/cream-ointment-lotion-shampoo-bases\/"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"knowledge_base_info":[],"knowledge_base_slug":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9170"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9172,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9170\/revisions\/9172"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=9170"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=9170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}