{"id":9423,"date":"2026-08-10T10:43:33","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T10:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/?post_type=docs&p=2021"},"modified":"2026-08-21T11:48:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T11:48:12","password":"","slug":"sterilization-disinfection-and-aseptic-practice-2","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/dokumanlar\/general-articles\/sterilization-disinfection-and-aseptic-practice-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Sterilization – Disinfection and Aseptic Practice – 2"},"content":{"rendered":"
SECTION II<\/strong><\/div>\n
\n

STERILIZATION-DISINFECTION AND ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2- Sterilization using moist heat and bactericide.<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is a pharmacopoeia-approved method used to kill spores without damaging heat-sensitive substances. The substance to be sterilized is dissolved or suspended in a 0.2% w\/v aqueous solution of Chlorocresol or a 0.002% w\/v aqueous solution of Phenylmercuric  Borate or Nitrate. The solution is distributed into containers, and the containers are sealed. Containers with a solution volume not exceeding 30 ml are kept in a boiling water bath at 98\u00b0C to 100\u00b0C for thirty minutes; for containers exceeding 30 ml, they are heated for a longer period to ensure they remain at 98\u00b0C to 100\u00b0C for thirty minutes, or the solutions are heated under a reflux condenser for half an hour before being transferred into their primary containers.<\/p>\n

3- Dry heat sterilization (Sterilization with a hot air oven)<\/strong><\/p>\n

The devices that sterilize using hot dry air are called ovens (hot air ovens). The sterilization period is quite long. To kill spores with hot dry air, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of approximately 140\u00b0C for 3 hours. Since it is not possible to kill all bacteria with dry air, it is not widely used today.<\/p>\n

Since substances and materials are in contact with heat for a very long time in hot air ovens, the sterilization time should be adjusted to prevent thermal degradation of the materials.<\/p>\n

In hot air ovens, oils, powders, petroleum derivatives, instruments without bonded parts, knives, scalpels, and glassware are sterilized.<\/p>\n

Differences are observed among Pharmacopoeias regarding the dry heat sterilization times of substances.<\/p>\n

Substances that can be sterilized with dry heat;<\/strong><\/p>\n

_ Oils and oily substances: (oils, ethyl oleate, liquid and white soft paraffin, paraffin, lanolin, waxes, lanolin alcohols, glycerin) 2 hours at 150\u00b0C according to the Turkish Pharmacopoeia.<\/p>\n

_Glassware: 2 hours at 170\u00b0C according to the Turkish Pharmacopoeia and USP; 1 hour at 160\u00b0C according to B.P.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

STERILIZATION TECHNIQUE:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Instruments (pure, uncoated metal): After cleaning, they should be kept on a tray at 170\u00b0C for two hours without touching each other.<\/p>\n

Powders: 40\u201350 grams of powder in a thin layer in Petri dishes or wide-mouthed screw-cap jars are kept at 150\u00b0C for at least two hours.<\/p>\n

Oils and similar substances: Placed in dry, screw-cap jars. The thickness of the oil layer should not exceed 2\u20133 cm; otherwise, the sterilization period increases. Kept at 150\u00b0C for two hours.<\/p>\n

In dry air oven sterilization, space must be left between substances and instruments to allow the circulation of hot air.<\/p>\n

Substances that cannot be sterilized with hot dry air;<\/strong><\/p>\n

Medicines degraded by prolonged heat exposure, rubber and plastic materials, surgical dressings, and instruments with glued parts or made of different composite materials.<\/p>\n

B) Non-thermal sterilization:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- Sterilization using gases.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Heat-sensitive medicines (antibiotics, enzymes, etc.) and heat-vulnerable materials (plastics, etc.) are sterilized with gases. Additionally, powders loosely sealed with rubber stoppers, talcum powders in paper packets, eye drop bottles, plastic and rubber tubes, bags and gloves, plastic syringes, and stainless steel equipment can be sterilized using this method.<\/p>\n

ETHYLENE OXIDE gas is most commonly used. In this method, specialized equipment similar to drying cabinets or autoclaves is used. It is an expensive method for pharmacies. It is not preferred due to being time-consuming and carrying risks of explosion, flammability, asphyxiation, and corrosiveness during sterilization.<\/p>\n

2- Radiation sterilization:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Some vitamins, antibiotics, and hormones in dry powder form can be sterilized using this method. Since it is an expensive method and requires rigorous precautions to protect personnel from harmful radiation, it is not preferred in pharmacies.<\/p>\n

3- Sterilization by filtration:<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is performed in three stages;<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Passing solutions through bacteria-retaining filters<\/li>\n
  2. Aseptically filling the filtered solution into containers<\/li>\n
  3. Aseptically sealing the containers<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    This method is used for the sterilization of heat-labile injectable preparations.<\/p>\n

    Dear colleagues, having briefly covered the conditions of sterilization and disinfection in the pharmacy environment, let us now examine together the answer to the question:  How do we provide ASEPTIC environmental conditions in our pharmacies?<\/strong>  First, if we recall the term ASEPTIC, we can define it as ensuring that the preparation is obtained free of microbial contamination by keeping microorganisms in the environment at the lowest possible level during the process.<\/p>\n

    Freeing the environment from microorganisms is achieved by preventing the introduction of microorganisms into the environment rather than killing those already present. Sources causing microbial contamination of the environment are:<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    1- Foreign matter in the atmosphere<\/p>\n

    a) Dust<\/p>\n

    b) Liquid droplets<\/p>\n

    c) Free microorganisms<\/p>\n

    2- Microorganisms transmitted via human respiration<\/p>\n

    3- Hands and head (especially hair)<\/p>\n

    4- Clothing<\/p>\n

    5- Physical environmental conditions such as tables, ceilings, floors, walls, windows, doors, etc.<\/p>\n

    6- Instruments and equipment<\/p>\n

    For atmospheric cleanliness, air filters (laminar flow systems) that filter dust and microbes from the air are the most significant factor in reducing microbes in the working environment. Measures that can be taken include staff wearing sterile masks, putting on sterile caps, washing hands with soap, wiping with 70% alcohol and rinsing with pyrogen-free water, wearing nylon-type sterile coats and sterile trousers, and opting for rubber shoes, clogs, or shoe covers cleaned with antiseptic solutions.<\/p>\n

    It is important that the laboratory environment is well-lit, ventilated using filters where possible without opening windows, and that the floor is paved with smooth mosaic or ceramic tiles, retaining little dust and being easy to clean. The walls should be coated with high-quality, non-cracking oil-based paint or plastic emulsion paint, and in tiled walls, the joints between tiles should be finished to a standard that prevents microbes and dust from adhering. Workbenches should be made of non-soiling, easy-to-clean materials such as glass, ceramic, or marble.<\/p>\n

    In laboratory cleaning, floors should be vacuumed and mopped with detergent solution.<\/p>\n

    Wishing you a great week\u2026<\/p>\n

    Spec. Pharm. Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan
    \nPekcan Pharmacy – Konya
    \npekcanecz@gmail.com
    \nTel: (332) 3520657
    \nhttp:\/\/www.majistralformul.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    SECTION II STERILIZATION-DISINFECTION AND ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE     2- Sterilization using moist heat and bactericide. It is a pharmacopoeia-approved method used to kill spores without damaging heat-sensitive substances. The substance […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2022,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"doc_category":[159],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9423","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","doc_category-general-articles"],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-09","word_count":967,"total_views":"2","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"m921a","author_nicename":"m921a","author_url":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/author\/m921a\/"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"General Articles","term_url":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/dokuman-kategori\/general-articles\/"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"knowledge_base_info":[],"knowledge_base_slug":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9423"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9425,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9423\/revisions\/9425"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=9423"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=9423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}