{"id":9577,"date":"2026-08-10T22:41:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T22:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/?post_type=docs&p=2209"},"modified":"2026-08-21T11:44:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T11:44:13","password":"","slug":"rose-water-aqua-rosae-t-k","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/dokumanlar\/antipruritic-anti-inflammatory-astringent-keratolytic-cicatrizing-steroid\/rose-water-aqua-rosae-t-k\/","title":{"rendered":"Rose Water \u2013 Aqua Rosae T.K."},"content":{"rendered":"
Dear Colleagues, in this week’s article, I have featured rose water, which is found in almost all of our laboratories and frequently used.<\/div>\n
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In our daily lives, rose water, which we use as a toner in skin and makeup cleansing and after shaving to prevent skin redness and dryness, also has anti-inflammatory and itch-relieving properties. For this reason, it is beneficial for dryness and itching caused by dermatological conditions such as eczema or fungal infections. One of the many different causes of acne formation on the skin surface is bacterial proliferation and the accumulation of these bacteria on the skin. You can significantly prevent this problem by regularly cleansing your skin with rose water. Rose water has miraculous effects on dull-looking skin. Cleansing and deeply moisturizing the skin, rose water will give your skin a more radiant appearance after just a few applications. Thanks to rose water, you can cleanse the clogged and suffocated upper layer of the skin, thereby ensuring that all pores are opened. This will also prevent the formation of blackheads. Rose water helps the skin balance its sebum production. While providing moisture to skin in need of hydration, it also lowers the sebum levels of excessively oily skin.<\/p>\n

Obtaining rose oil\u2014from which rose water, frequently used to soothe redness (the biggest problem of sensitive skin) and suitable for all skin types, is derived\u2014is quite a difficult and expensive process. To obtain one kilogram of rose oil, which is a raw material for the cosmetics industry, 1 million 400 thousand rose buds must be processed.<\/p>\n

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Known as the most expensive oil, rose oil is obtained by processing rose flowers with a steam distillation system in modern facilities. Rose oil is indispensable for the perfume and cosmetics industry. In addition to its olfactory role, it ensures that this scent persists on the skin or on any surface. It acts as a fixative, just like glue…  That is why it is the most expensive essential oil in the perfume industry. On average, 1 kilogram of rose oil is obtained from 4 thousand kilograms of rose flowers.<\/p>\n

Rose water, which is one hundred percent natural, is obtained as a byproduct during the production of rose oil. After rose oil is collected from the stills, the oily aqueous layer remaining underneath is distilled a second time. The water from which the essential oil is separated again after the second distillation is called rose water. Rose water contains no additives other than rose oil. Because it is one hundred percent natural, it is used in skin cleansing and culinary desserts.<\/p>\n

In our country, where the highest quality roses in the world are grown, rose oil and rose concrete extracted from rose blossoms harvested from gardens\u2014primarily in Isparta, as well as the A\u011flasun district of Burdur and the Ba\u015fmak\u00e7\u0131 district of Afyonkarahisar\u2014are exported. When the harvest dropped due to yield loss in rose blossoms, a significant increase was observed in rose oil prices. Rose oil, which was 4,500 euros per kilogram last year, finds buyers between 6,000 and 7,000 euros this year. With a record increase of up to 45 percent recorded, 1 gram of rose oil costs 18 liras. Rose oil exported from Isparta is used by almost all of the world’s leading perfume brands, such as Christian Dior, Chanel, and Calvin Klein.<\/p>\n

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In Isparta, there is also a decline in rose harvest due to extreme heat. Rose oil prices have increased. Rose oil, which was sold for 6,250 – 6,500 euros per kilo last year, is expected to be exported above this price this year. G\u00fclbirlik produces 35-40 percent of the rose oil in Turkey. Under the umbrella of G\u00fclbirlik, established in 1954, there are 6 rose production cooperatives and 8,000 registered partner producers. G\u00fclbirlik owns 4 rose oil and 3 rose concrete facilities.
\nThe share of 2 French-owned rose oil facilities in total rose oil production is around 25 percent. The remainder of the production is carried out in 13 small and large private sector rose oil facilities..
\nThrough rose blossom and rose oil production, 25-30 million TL enters the economy of Isparta annually.<\/p>\n

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Rose water used in pharmacy, on the other hand, is obtained by steam distillation of the petals of fresh flowers of Rosa damascena Miller or Rosa gallica L. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic rose aroma. As soon as it is obtained, it should be filtered if necessary, stored in amber one-liter bottles loosely stoppered with cotton, and kept in a cool place away from light. The 6th German Pharmacopoeia states that it should be prepared by adding 4 drops of essence to 1 liter of water. The formula below is taken from Dutch pharmaceutical formularies. In the formula, Spiritus fortior refers to strong alcohol, meaning absolute alcohol.<\/p>\n

Rozenwater\/Aqua rosae\/Aqua rosarum<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rp.        <\/strong><\/p>\n

Oleum rosae        200 mg<\/strong><\/p>\n

Spiritus fortior      4 ml<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aqua                    1000 ml<\/strong><\/p>\n

Isparta rose (Rosa damascena Mill.);<\/strong> is a plant from the Rosaceae family in the form of a thorny shrub or small tree, reaching up to 1-2 meters, featuring fragrant flowers. It is used as an ornamental plant in gardens. In Turkey, it is cultivated in the Isparta and Burdur regions to obtain rose oil. Its leaves are imparipinnate, with 3-7 leaflets and stipules. Its flowers, which bloom towards the end of May, are pink, multi-petaled, numerous, and intensely fragrant. Rose oil (oleum rosae) is obtained from the petals by steam distillation. The chemical composition of rose oil includes terpenic compounds, geraniol, and eugenol. Rose oil is used in perfumery and cosmetics as a fragrance fixative and aromatizing agent. Approximately 1 kg of rose oil is obtained from 3,500-4,000 kg of flowers. The aqueous layer remaining at the bottom of the distillate collected during rose oil extraction, called rose water (aqua rosae), is also used as a crude drug. This crude drug, which has anti-inflammatory properties, is particularly used in ophthalmology against ocular erythema and pruritus. Fresh rose petals (flores rosae) are another crude drug used. Its composition contains tannins, quercetol, and anthocyanosides. The extract prepared from rose petals, called concrete, is a valuable starting material for perfumery and industry. Antitussive, hypnotic, antidiabetic, anti-HIV, and bronchodilator (bronchial smooth muscle relaxant) effects of Isparta rose have been reported.<\/strong><\/p>\n

I consider it a duty to express my sincere gratitude to my esteemed senior colleague Pharmacist Ziya \u00d6rmeci and Pharm. Sema \u00d6rmeci for hosting us in Isparta during the preparation of this article.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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References:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- T\u0131bbi Form\u00fcller (Medical Formulas) – Prof. Dr. Kas\u0131m Cemal G\u00fcven<\/p>\n

2- RxMediaPharma\u00ae 2016 Interactive Drug Information Resource.<\/p>\n

3- Genel ve End\u00fcstriyel Farmas\u00f6tik Teknoloji I (General and Industrial Pharmaceutical Technology I) – Prof. Dr. Enver \u0130zg\u00fc<\/p>\n

4- Formularium der Nederlandse Apothekers 2009<\/p>\n

Specialist Pharmacist Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan
\nPekcan Pharmacy – Konya
\npekcanecz@gmail.com<\/p>\n

Tel: (332) 3520657<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.majistralformul.com\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dear Colleagues, in this week’s article, I have featured rose water, which is found in almost all of our laboratories and frequently used. In our daily lives, rose water, which […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2210,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"doc_category":[146],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9577","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","doc_category-antipruritic-anti-inflammatory-astringent-keratolytic-cicatrizing-steroid"],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-09","word_count":1168,"total_views":"2","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"m921a","author_nicename":"m921a","author_url":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/author\/m921a\/"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Antipruritic - Anti-inflammatory - Astringent - Keratolytic - Cicatrizant - Steroid","term_url":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/dokuman-kategori\/antipruritic-anti-inflammatory-astringent-keratolytic-cicatrizing-steroid\/"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"knowledge_base_info":[],"knowledge_base_slug":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9577"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9579,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9577\/revisions\/9579"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=9577"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/majistraleczacilari.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=9577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}