CALAMINE LOTION
Calamine …………………… 15 g
Zinc oxide ……………………. 5 g
Bentonite ……………………… 3 g
Sodium citrate ……………….. 0.5 g
Liquefied phenol ………… 0.5 ml
Glycerol ……………………… 5 ml
Purified water ………. ad .. 100 ml
Substances in the formula
Calamine- Calamina- Prepared calamine: According to the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), calamine (Calamine BP 1993) consists of basic zinc carbonate colored with iron oxide. It is an amorphous, impalpable, pink or reddish-brown powder. According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), calamine consists of ZnO (98%) containing a small amount of ferric oxide (Fe2O3). It is a pink, fine powder. Insoluble in water, practically completely soluble in mineral acids. Calamine is a mildly astringent and antipruritic drug that forms a protective barrier when applied to the skin. It is a mineral preparation containing at least 98% zinc oxide and a small amount of iron. Zinc oxide forms a physical barrier against irritants. It also exerts a mild astringent effect because it absorbs water. It is included in the formulation of dusting powders, creams, lotions, or ointments used for skin conditions. Calamine lotion can be used as a skin antiseptic. Calamine lotion contains 8% calamine and 8% pure zinc.
Zinc oxide- zinci oxidum- oxyde de zinc: It is an active substance with astringent properties known for its mild antiseptic properties. It is used in eczema, burns, diaper rash, and friction-related skin damage. Zinc oxide ointment contains 20% zinc oxide, and zinc paste contains 25% zinc oxide. Zinc oxide is not absorbed through the skin, and since it is insoluble in water, it is applied in the form of powder, ointment, or paste.
Bentonite- Hydrated aluminium silicate colloidal- Colloidal clay: It is a very fine powder. Insoluble in water. It swells with 12 times its volume of water. It is used in pharmacy for preparing suspension-type preparations. In the presence of acid, its gel property is disrupted. In alkalis, this property increases. It is used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic.
Anhydrous sodium citrate- Citrate de sodium- Trisodium citrate: Sodium citrate occurs as white granular crystals or a crystalline powder; in a moist environment, it slowly deliquesces by absorbing moisture from the air. It is freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in alcohol. When its sterilized solutions are stored in glass containers, it may cause particles to shed from the container; solutions containing such particles should not be used.
Carbolic acid- Phenyl alcohol- Acid carbolique- Phenolum: Phenol occurs as colorless, light pink, or pale yellow, hygroscopic needle-shaped crystals or crystalline masses with a characteristic odor, darkening on exposure to light and air. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) allows the addition of a suitable stabilizing agent. According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP): It is soluble 1:15 in water, 1:70 in liquid paraffin; very soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, glycerol, and essential oils. A 1 g aqueous solution of phenol is clear and neutral or acidic to litmus. It is incompatible with alkali salts and non-ionic surfactants. Phenol is one of the oldest antiseptic-disinfectants. Today, it is rarely used as an antiseptic. It also shows local anesthetic and analgesic effects. It is included in preparations used as topical analgesics for toothaches. Combined with benzocaine and ethanol, it is applied topically for toothache, aphthous ulcers (not found safe alone in aphthous ulcer treatment), herpes labialis, minor dental surgical procedures, and minor abrasions and irritations caused by dentures and fillings in the mouth and gums. Solutions of 0.5%–1% are used against itching. Camphorated phenol is a local anesthetic preparation containing phenol, camphor, and liquid paraffin, and is used against toothache. Phenol, in combination with camphor, is effective against mild pain and itching seen in insect bites, minor burns including sunburn, minor skin abrasions, and other skin irritations. Low-concentration solutions are also used for topical disinfection. A 5% solution has been used in the disinfection of body secretions. Oily phenol solutions (Oily Phenol Injection, BP 1993) are used as an analgesic sclerosant for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids. For this purpose, it is injected into the tissue around internal hemorrhoids. Its aqueous solutions are used as a sclerosant in hydrocele treatment. Phenol has been used as a neurolytic in 3%–4% solutions.
CAUTION! Phenol is a severely corrosive poison when taken internally. It must never be swallowed. It may cause systemic toxicity by being absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes. Therefore, appropriate precautions must be taken to prevent absorption. Absorption of phenol vapors through the skin and lungs can also cause systemic toxicity. It exhibits antiseptic and disinfectant effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, and some fungi. Its effect against spores is very slow and inadequate. It is also effective against certain viruses. Its efficacy increases in acidic solutions. Aqueous solutions up to 1% concentration show bacteriostatic effects, while more concentrated solutions show bactericidal effects. Phenol exerts its effect by increasing the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and fungi. Phenol is applied topically only.
Glycerol- Glycerine- Glycerol- 85%: Glycerin is a clear, colorless or very light-colored, hygroscopic, syrupy, odorless or nearly odorless liquid with a sweet taste. Miscible with water and alcohol; slightly soluble in acetone; practically insoluble in chloroform, ether, fixed oils, and essential oils. The pH of its aqueous solutions is neutral to litmus. According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), the pH of Glycerin Oral Solution, USP is between 5.5 and 7.5. Strong oxidizing agents form explosive mixtures with glycerin.
Preparation: In a glass mortar, calamine, zinc oxide, bentonite, and sodium citrate are thoroughly triturated and levigated with glycerin. Approximately 70 ml of boiled and cooled distilled water is added, and the paste is prepared by grinding with the pestle until the characteristic clicking sounds are heard in the mortar. Then, liquefied phenol is added, and the preparation is completed by bringing the volume to 100 ml with distilled water.
Wishing you a good week…
Spec. Pharm. Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan
Pekcan Pharmacy – Konya
[email protected]
Tel: (332) 3520657
http://www.majistralformul.com/
