Aluminum zirconium solution in hyperhidrosis
Aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate topical solutionThe deodorant and antiperspirant market is estimated to grow at an annual rate of 3-4%. Generally, this group of OTC products is used to eliminate sweating and body odor. However, for patients with hyperhidrosis, these products alone are not sufficient to reduce excessive sweating. In some cases, orally administered amitriptyline, cyproheptadine, oxybutynin, or phenobarbital have been reported to be prescribed.
The most common antiperspirant ingredients are aluminum salts, aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum chlorohydrex, aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate, and their various complexes.
In the past, a 30% aluminum chloride alcoholic solution was used. However, as a result of hydrolysis in the presence of water, aluminum chlorohydroxide and hydrochloric acid were formed, causing skin irritation and the deterioration of clothing fibers.
In ordinary antiperspirants, simple salts and aluminum chlorohydroxide are preferred because they irritate the skin less and cause less damage to clothing. Aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate has been widely used in roll-on antiperspirants; it is non-irritating and a more effective antiperspirant than aluminum chlorohydrate. However, regulations adopted in the late 1970s banned the aerosol use of aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate complexes due to the risks of potential pulmonary complications, allergic reactions, and the formation of sarcoid-like granulomas. Therefore, these formulations should not be placed in a spray bottle.
In one study, a 50% trolamine solution in absolute alcohol was applied after the antiperspirant dried. Trolamine was observed to significantly reduce irritation. It was thought that trolamine reduced irritation by neutralizing the hydrochloric acid that may form.
Formula 1
Aluminum Zirconium Chlorohydrate 20 g
Absolute Alcohol qs 100 ml
Formula 2
Trolamine (Triethanolamine) 50 g
Absolute Alcohol qs 100 ml
Ingredients in the formula:
Aluminum Zirconium Chlorohydrate:
Aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate is an active antiperspirant agent. It penetrates sweat pores and prevents perspiration. The anhydrous form of the compound also possesses water-absorbing properties. Currently, the FDA permits the use of this substance in antiperspirants at concentrations up to 20%.
Trolamine- Triethanolamine [BP;INCI;]- Triaethanolamin [DAC79]:
Triethanolamine is an excipient used for various purposes in different types of pharmaceutical formulations. It is primarily used in topical pharmaceutical formulations in the form of emulsions. When mixed in equimolar proportions with fatty acids such as stearic acid or oleic acid, non-ionic soaps with emulsifying properties are formed. Thus, aesthetically pleasing and stable emulsions with a pH of approximately 8 are obtained. It is used in injectable preparations to prepare salt forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In some formulations, it also serves as a buffer, solvent, polymer stabilizer, and humectant. Although generally considered a non-toxic substance (500), it may cause irritation and hypersensitivity on the skin and mucous membranes. It is less irritating than monoethanolamine and ethanolamine. Triethanolamine is actually an alkanolamine mixture. It consists of high amounts of triethanolamine with low amounts of diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. It is a clear, colorless or pale yellow, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with a slight ammoniacal odor. It is miscible with water and alcohol; soluble in chloroform; slightly soluble in ether. Its 10% aqueous solution gives an alkaline reaction to litmus. It should be stored in airtight containers and protected from light.
Triethanolamine reacts with mineral acids to form crystalline salts and esters. It forms water-soluble salts with high molecular weight fatty acids. These salts have the general properties of soaps. It reacts with copper to form complex salts. In the presence of heavy metal salts in its solutions, discoloration and precipitation occur. It reacts with halogenated reagents such as thionyl chloride, producing highly toxic products as a result of the substitution of hydroxyl groups with halogens.
Alcohol 99.5% (V/V)- Dehydrated alcohol- Alcohol [INCI; NF; USP]:
Alcohol is used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations. It is a clear, colorless, mobile, volatile liquid with a characteristic odor and a burning taste. It readily ignites and burns with a smokeless blue flame. It is miscible with water; during this mixing, the mixture heats up and contracts in volume. It is also miscible with chloroform, ether, glycerol, and almost all other organic solvents. It should be stored in tightly closed containers in a cool place away from fire. Anhydrous alcohol (absolute alcohol, dehydrated alcohol) contains not less than 99.4% w/w and 99.0% v/v of ethyl alcohol according to the British Pharmacopoeia (BP 1993). According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP 23), it contains not less than 99.5% w/w and 99.2% v/v of ethyl alcohol. According to the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), alcohol (96%) contains 96.0–96.6% v/v and 93.8–94.7% w/w of ethyl alcohol. According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), it contains 94.9–96.0% v/v and 92.3–93.8% w/w of ethyl alcohol.
Preparation:
In the first formula, aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate is brought to 100 ml with alcohol.
In the second formula, trolamine is brought to 100 ml with alcohol and mixed.
Usage:
Used as an antiperspirant in the treatment of hyperhidrosis.
Packaging:
Roll-on containers are used. It can be applied topically using cotton or gauze. Roll-on containers are more economical and aesthetic.
Labeling:
For external use only.
References:
1-Allen’s Compounded Formulations
2-RxMediaPharma®2018 Interactive Drug Information Resource
Spec. Pharm. Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan
Pekcan Pharmacy – Konya
[email protected]
Tel: (332) 3520657
http://www.majistralformul.com/
