Dear Colleagues, this week we will examine together the oily glycerin formula from the Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary, which we can easily prepare in our pharmacies. As is known, with its intense moisturizing properties against the effects of aging, glycerin helps make the skin softer while preventing skin wrinkles and sagging. Nourishing the skin and also used to regulate skin tone, glycerin ensures the skin looks brighter and more vibrant. As a skincare product used at any age, glycerin also eases stretch marks. To look younger and help nourish the skin, regular use of glycerin creams is recommended. Wrinkle creams containing glycerin can be used both day and night.
Formula:
Glycerol 20 g
Calcium hydroxide solution 32 ml
Arachis oil 22 g
Wool fat 26 g
Substances included in the formula:
Glycerin 98%- Glycerol [ASK; BP; DCF; FP; INN; P.Cx.79; Ph.Eur.]- Glycerolum anhydricum- Glycerol [ASK; BP; DCF; FP; INN; P.Cx.79; Ph.Eur.]- Wasserfreies Glycerol;
Glycerin is an excipient widely used for various purposes in pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetic products. It is used in oral, otic, ophthalmic, topical, and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations. While used for its moisturizing and emollient effect in topical pharmaceutical formulations, it mainly serves as a solvent in parenteral formulations. In oral formulations, it is used as an antimicrobial preservative, sweetener, and viscosity-increasing agent. It acts as a plasticizer for gelatin in soft gelatin capsules. In addition, it is present in the composition of gelatin suppositories. Glycerin is a clear, colorless, sweet-tasting, hygroscopic, viscous liquid. It is miscible with water and alcohol; sparingly soluble in acetone; practically insoluble in chloroform, ether, fixed and volatile oils. Its aqueous solutions are neutral to litmus. According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), the pH of Glycerin Oral Solution, USP is between 5.5 and 7.5. Glycerin gains explosive properties when combined with strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate. Such mixtures must be strictly avoided. It turns black when in contact with zinc oxide or basic bismuth nitrate in the presence of light. When iron-contaminated glycerin is used, mixtures containing phenol, salicylate, and tannin darken in color. It forms a complex with boric acid to produce glyceroboric acid. The acidity of this compound is higher than that of boric acid.
Calcium hydroxide solution- Limewater- Eau de chaux- Aqua calcariae T.K.(1954);
Calcium hydroxide or slaked lime contains 0.15–0.17% Ca(OH)2. Calcium hydroxide is used as a pH adjuster and astringent. Traditionally called slaked lime, calcium hydroxide is an inorganic compound. It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is obtained from calcium oxide (called lime or quicklime). It has many names such as hydrated lime, caustic lime, builders’ lime, slack lime, cal, or pickling lime. Calcium hydroxide is used in many applications, including food preparation. Limewater is the common name for a saturated calcium hydroxide solution. Properties: Limewater is an odorless, clear, colorless alkaline liquid with a bitter taste. Limewater absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, easily forming insoluble calcium carbonate.
Incompatibilities: Limewater is incompatible with acids, carbonated water, or water of normal hardness.
Action and Uses: Limewater is an antacid and astringent. Internally, it is administered in small doses to relieve nausea and vomiting. It is also used in the treatment of diarrhea. Limewater is used externally in the treatment of burns. While limewater is used for cosmetic purposes such as baby diaper rash and makeup removal, it is also used in formulas containing lotions and foams to increase the pH value.
(USP) Limewater:
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE 3 G
PURIFIED WATER 1000 ML
LIMEWATER-EAU DE CHAUX-AQUA CALCARIAE T.K.(1954)
PREPARATION: 1 part quicklime is slaked with 4 parts water. The resulting yogurt-consistency mass is mixed and shaken with 50 parts water in a tightly closed container. After the mixture settles, the clear aqueous layer on top is poured off, and the residue remaining at the bottom of the container is vigorously shaken again with 50 parts water for five minutes and left to stand. It is filtered before use.
Hydrogenated peanut oil- Oleum Arachidis hydrogenatum- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) oil- Peanut oil;
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a valuable plant from the legume (Fabaceae) family whose seeds contain 45–60% oil, 20–30% protein, 18% carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, and whose stalk is utilized as hay and shell in various ways, primarily in the oil industry and snack production. Peanuts are mostly consumed as snacks. For this purpose, peanut seeds are offered for consumption roasted—either without cracking the outer shell or after cracking the shell and separating the seeds—to eliminate the raw peanut taste and simultaneously increase shelf life. According to the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph Eur. 7), refined peanut oil (Arachis Oil, Refined; Arachis Oil BP2012) is obtained from shelled peanut seeds. A suitable antioxidant may be added. It is a clear, yellowish viscous liquid consisting mainly of glycerides of oleic and linoleic acid and small amounts of other acids. It solidifies at about 2oC. It is very slightly soluble in alcohol; miscible with petroleum ether. It should be stored in well-filled containers and protected from light. The fatty acids contained in peanut oil have positive effects on the blood lipid profile. Consuming unsaturated fatty acids more frequently instead of dietary saturated fatty acids helps increase HDL cholesterol (known as good cholesterol) and reduce LDL cholesterol (known as bad cholesterol), triglycerides, and fat oxidation. Positive effects on the cardiovascular system can be observed. Some studies suggest an inverse relationship between peanut consumption frequency and body mass index.
Lanoline- Graisse de laine- Adeps lanae- Refined wool fat- Lanae cera- Lanoleine T.K.;
It is obtained from sheep’s wool. It is light yellow in color and has an ointment consistency. It dissolves in ether, petroleum ether, chloroform, and boiling absolute alcohol. It is an emulsifier, forming water/oil emulsions. In anhydrous form, its consistency is quite firm. With the addition of water, a pasty texture is formed. It is easily absorbed by the skin and odorless. It is used as an ointment base. The base designated as lanolinum by the Turkish Pharmacopoeia contains 13 parts lanolin, 3 parts liquid paraffin, and 4 parts water. It is widely used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetic products. When mixed with suitable vegetable oils or petrolatum, skin-penetrating emollient creams are obtained. Due to this property, it facilitates the absorption of medications. Lanolin mixes with approximately twice its weight of water without phase separation, yielding stable emulsions.
Preparation of the formula:
Melt the lanolin in the arachis oil. Gradually add the calcium hydroxide solution to this mixture. Add the glycerin in small quantities and mix.
References:
1- Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary (and Handbook 21st Edition)
2- RxMediaPharma®2016 Interactive Drug Information Source
Pharm. Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan, MSc
Pekcan Pharmacy – Konya
[email protected]
Tel: (332) 3520657
